Out-of-Stock refers to the condition where an item is unavailable for sale or fulfillment due to inventory depletion. It leads to lost sales, customer dissatisfaction, and potentially lost market share. OOS situations arise from poor forecasting, supplier delays, or unexpected demand spikes. In high-velocity industries like FMCG or retail, frequent stockouts can seriously damage brand reputation. Inventory optimization solutions minimize OOS occurrences by dynamically adjusting inventory levels, recommending replenishment, and providing early alerts. Predictive analytics can anticipate stockouts before they occur and suggest proactive action.